Operation of coke ovens and ovens therefor



Filed an. 30, 1935 Josg'adefen A i for]: g:

Patented June 25, 1935 PATENT OFFICE,

OPERATION'OF COKE OVENS AND O ENS THEREFOR 'Josef Schaefen'Dortinund,Germany Application January.30, 1933, Serial No; 654,287 r v i InGermany February 2, 1932 l 4 Claims. (01. 202-15) My invention relatesto coke ovens and'to. a method of operating the same. i

In order to produce in coke ovens gases, in addition to the gases ofdistillation, bythe introduction of vapors, gases or liquids in the ovenchamber, these vapors, gases or liquids usually are led through onesingle oven chamber or through two interconnected chambers to which theadditional matter is supplied in succession. In this latter case it wasthe prior practice to connect two oven chambers of different states ofcarbonization with one another, that is a chamher, thecharge of which isin an initial state of carbonization and another chamber in which thecharge is in a state of advanced or completed carbonization, theadditional matter being at first fed to the former or the latter ovenchamber. In both of these cases the condition of the charge in thechamber of partial carbonization hasilittle or no favorable eifect or,under some circumstances, may have evena noxious effect on theadditionally introduced fluid. v

According to my present invention two oven chambers are interconnectedin which the charges are at least in a state of advanced carbonization,or that of one chamber is already fully carbonized. The additionalmatter isled through these chambers in such a manner that the matterenters the first chamber at a narrow end while the whole of volatilematter developed in the chamber escapes at the base on the oppositechamber end and is fed to the other chamber, which is likewise in astate of advanced or even completed carbonization, at the same end atbottom, the total volatile matter developed in the first and secondchambers being drawn off on the opposite narrow end at top through theascension pipe of the chamber. In this way the additional fluid passesthrough the two chambers in the longest possible path, and, since bothchambers are in a state of advanced or even completed carbonization, thefluid undergoes a perfect decomposition, as was not the case with themethodshitherto used. Steam, oils or the like supplied to the firstchamber can be perfectly decomposedin this manner. The interconnectionof the two chambers at the bottom at one of their narrow ends may beestablished either by external connecting pipes (detachable if required)or by internalconnection 50 passagesprovided in; the oven brickwork andfitted with dampers. The additional matter may be supplied at one narrowend either through one or more special distribution pipes or through adistribution pipe which opens into the ascension pipe of the chamber. a

In order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carriedinto effect, three embodiments of coke ovens adapted to carry out my newmethod are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawing inwhich 6 Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a horizontal cokeoven chamber designed according to the invention,

Figure 2 is a corresponding horizontal cross section showing a pluralityofadjacent chambers. 10

Figure 3 is a detail showing the second embodiment in a section similarto that of Figure 1;

Figure 4 shows the application of my invention to vertical chamber ovensand is a vertical longitudinal section of such a chambenwhile.

Figure 5 is a corresponding vertical cross "section.

The embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 will be described first.

.In this embodiment a distribution pipe 1) extends along and intront ofone of the narrow ends of. the horizontal chambers a, and is incommunication with the individual chambers by branch pipes 12 Thisconstruction can be modified, as shown in Figure 3, by. having thebranches b of the distribution pipe b open into the ascension pipes c ofthe chambers a. At the opposite narrow end tubular plugs-d are insertedin the chamber wall at the bottom which plugs are interconnected by bentpipes e. Each two adjacent chambers a thus can be interconnectedalternatively. i H m In the embodimentillustrated in Figures 4 and 5each of the vertical coke oven chambers a is provided at top with alateral horizontal channel g extending from the one side of the chamberto the opposite side and connected at one and directly to a distributionpipe b or through the ascension pipe c ,as shown. At the opposite end ath the channel g communicates with its respective chamber a On the sideopposite to the opening it the chambers are interconnected through lowerchannels 1 which can be shut off by suitable dampers 7' towards thechambers.

The described appliance is, used in the following manner: I

Vapors, such as steam or gases that can be decomposed by heat or aliquid capable of being vaporized or gasified, such as oil, tar or tarderivates, are fed through the distributiontpipe b, b b respectively, toone or more chambersthe charge of which is in a state of advanced oreven completed carbonization The valve f provided between'the ascensionpipe 0 and thelwater seal it and connecting the chambers with the lattermust then be closed. At the bottom the chamber is set in communicationwith another chamber which likewise is in a state of advanced orcompleted carbonization by a connecting pipe e (Figures 1 and 2) or byopening the damper of a channel 2 (Figures 4 and 5).

The volatile products of distillation developed in the first chamberpass through the latter from the one end down to the floor on the otherend, as marked by the arrows, Figures 1 and 4, and then stream throughthe pipe e or channel 1 at bottom to the adjacent chamber which islikewise in a state of advanced or completed carbon-' ization. Theproducts then stream through this second chamber and escape at theopposite end.

thereof at the top through the ascension pipe 0, the valve of which mustbe opened, that is, in the natural direction of the draft prevailing inthe chamber, together with the products of distillation that may stillbe developed therein, to the water seal is. This passage of the volatileproducts through the two chambers can be continued according to therequirements until one of the chambers is to be pushed. Thecommunication of this chamber with the water seal is then shut off as isalso its communication at bottom with the otherchamber, while the latterby pipe e or channel 1 is connected to another chamber the charge ofwhich is in a state of advanced or completed carbonization. This done,the volatile products are led through these two interconnect ed chambersin the same manner as before, that is transversely through the firstchamber and from the bottom to the top .through the second chamber tothe seal.

By arranging, that periods of time always lie between the pushing ofneighboring chambers, which periods constitute only a slight fraction ofthe whole carbonization period, that is, periods of some hours forexample, two neighboring chambers always are in an approximately equalstate of carbonization; This makes it possible always to interconnectalternately always two neighboring chambers instead of having moreseparate chambers and furthermore to fulfill the condition that theadditional fluid always passes through two chambers both of which are atleast in an advanced state of carbonization.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 the provision of theupper horizontal channel g affords the further advantage that the fluidfed through it to the chamber is preheated before entering the latter,by the hot oven brickwork.

The described appliance may further be utilized during that period oftime in which the individual chambers are being newly charged in so faras a fresh chamber is connected to a chamber which, according to thedifference of charging time of the individual chambers, already is in astate of more advanced. carbonization, without leading additional fluidthrough these two chambers. This operation affords the advantage that bythis connection the escape of the volatile matter from the fresh chargein the one chamber is favored, as the volatile products developed in thelower portion thereof can escape on the shortest possible path to theother chamber in which the charge is in an advanced state ofcarbonization, while the volatile products developed in the upperportion of the first-named chamber can escape, likewise on the shortestpossible path, through the respective ascension pipe to the seal. Ofcourse,

' the ascension pipe in this case must be connected with the seal. Thevolatile products developed. in the fresh charge at the base of thechamber thus need not pass upward through the fresh coal in the latter,which is of importance, since the fresh coal in this state will form adense mass which becomes loosened only with advancing carbonization, andthus, offers to the gases a comparatively high resistance.

What I claim as my invention is:--

1. A method of, producing coke and a com bustible gas or gases whichcomprises introducing a combustible fluid capable of being decomposed byheat to yield a combustible gas, at the top and at one end of ahorizontally elongated mass of solid carbonizable material which isbeing carbonized and is in an advanced state of carbonization, causingsaid fluid to percolate through said carbonized mass in a diagonallydownward direction, withdrawing the unaffected and partially affectedfluid and the volatile matters developed from the lower opposite end ofsaid mass, immediately introducing the said volatile matters and theunaffected and partially affected fluid at the lower end of a secondsimilar mass of solid carbonaceous material which is likewise in a stateof advanced carbonization, causing said introduced material and volatilematters to pass diagonally upward through said second mass, withdrawingthe total volatile matters developed atthe opposite upper end of saidsecond mass, and then withdrawing coke from both masses. 2. A method ofproducing coke and a combustible gas or gases which comprisesintroducing steam at the top and at one end of a horizontally elongatedmass of solid carbonizable material which is being carbonized and is inan advanced state of carbonization, causing said steam to percolatethrough said carbonized mass in a diagonally downward direction,withdrawing the unaffected and partially affected steam and the volatilematters developed from the lower opposite end of said mass, immediatelyintroducing the said volatile matters and the unaffected and partiallyaffected steam at the lower end of a second similar mass of solidcarbonaceous material which is likewise in a state of advancedcarbonization, causing said introduced material and volatile matters topass diagonally upward through said second mass, withdrawing the totalvolatile matters developed at the opposite upper end of said secondmass, and then withdrawing coke from both masses.

3. A method of producing coke and a combustible gas or gases whichcomprises introducing a combustible oil or tar at the top and at one endof a horizontally elongated mass of solid carbonizable material which isbeing carbonized and is in an advanced state of carbonization, causingsaid oil or tar to percolate through said carbonized mass in adiagonally downward direction, withdrawing the unaffected and partiallyaffected oil'or tar and the volatile matters developed from the loweropposite end of said mass, immediately introducing the said volatilematters and the unaffected and partially affected oil or tar at thelower end of a second similar mass of solid carbonaceous material whichis likewise in a state of advanced carbonization, causing saidintroduced material and volatile matters to pass diagonally upwardthrough said second mass, withdrawing the total volatile mattersdeveloped at the opposite upper end of said second mass, and thenwithdrawing coke from both masses.

4. A coke oven battery for producing coke and a combustible gas or gasesof the reaction between a carbonaceous material and steam, oil or tarthe steam, oil

chambers may be cut off, means at the opposite end of said chambers atthe bottom thereof for directly connecting each of the chambers with oneof the other chambers, said last named connecting means providing ashort direct communication between the bottom of each chamber at one endthereof and the bottom portion of the connected chamber at the same endthereof, an ascension pipe at the upper end of each chamber adjacent thedistributing pipe connection to said chamber, and valve meansoperatively connected with said ascension pipes so that the flow fromeach chamber through its corresponding ascension pipe may be cut oil,whereby when the chambers are charged with carbonaceous material in anadvanced state of carbonization, steam, oil or tar introduced throughthe distributing pipe to one upper endof a chamber will percolatediagonally downward through that chamber, thence to the bottom of theconnected chamber together with volatile matters developed anddiagonally upward through said connected cham- 15 ber to the ascensionpipe thereof. JOSEF SCHAEFER.

